Constitution Amendments Top 25 MCQs: Fundamental Rights vs Directive Principles of State Policy
The relationship between Fundamental Rights (FR) and Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) is one of the most important constitutional debates in Indian Polity. UPSC frequently asks questions about constitutional amendments, landmark Supreme Court judgments, Parliament’s amending powers, and the evolution of harmony between Fundamental Rights and DPSP. Constitutional Amendments such as the 1st, 24th, 25th, 42nd, 44th, and 86th Amendments are extremely significant for UPSC Prelims and Mains. Important cases like Golaknath, Kesavananda Bharati, Champakam Dorairajan, and Minerva Mills shaped the constitutional balance between individual rights and welfare policies. This carefully designed MCQ quiz focuses specifically on FR vs DPSP conflicts, constitutional amendments, Parliament’s powers, and major constitutional developments to avoid topic overlap with previous MCQ parts. Each question includes detailed explanations based strictly on the provided UPSC notes article. Practice these Top 25 MCQs to strengthen your understanding of Indian Constitution amendments, Fundamental Rights, DPSP, and landmark constitutional developments for UPSC and competitive exams.
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Q1. Which case initially established the supremacy of Fundamental Rights over DPSP?
A Champakam Dorairajan Case
B Minerva Mills Case
C Kesavananda Bharati Case
D Golaknath Case
Explanation
Correct Answer: A
The Champakam Dorairajan Case (1951) held that Fundamental Rights prevail over DPSP in case of conflict.
The Champakam Dorairajan Case (1951) held that Fundamental Rights prevail over DPSP in case of conflict.
Q2. Which case introduced the Basic Structure Doctrine?
A Golaknath Case
B Minerva Mills Case
C Champakam Dorairajan Case
D Kesavananda Bharati Case
Explanation
Correct Answer: D
The Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973) introduced the Basic Structure Doctrine, limiting Parliament’s amending powers.
The Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973) introduced the Basic Structure Doctrine, limiting Parliament’s amending powers.
Q3. Which case held that Parliament cannot amend Fundamental Rights?
A Kesavananda Bharati Case
B Golaknath Case
C Minerva Mills Case
D Maneka Gandhi Case
Explanation
Correct Answer: B
In the Golaknath Case (1967), the Supreme Court ruled that Parliament could not amend Fundamental Rights under Article 368.
In the Golaknath Case (1967), the Supreme Court ruled that Parliament could not amend Fundamental Rights under Article 368.
Q4. Which case emphasized harmony between Fundamental Rights and DPSP?
A Golaknath Case
B Champakam Dorairajan Case
C Minerva Mills Case
D Shankari Prasad Case
Explanation
Correct Answer: C
The Minerva Mills Case (1980) declared that harmony between Fundamental Rights and DPSP forms part of the basic structure of the Constitution.
The Minerva Mills Case (1980) declared that harmony between Fundamental Rights and DPSP forms part of the basic structure of the Constitution.
Q5. Which Constitutional Amendment added the Ninth Schedule?
A 1st Amendment
B 24th Amendment
C 42nd Amendment
D 44th Amendment
Explanation
Correct Answer: A
The 1st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951 added the Ninth Schedule to protect land reform laws from judicial review.
The 1st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951 added the Ninth Schedule to protect land reform laws from judicial review.
Q6. Which Constitutional Amendment restored Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution?
A 42nd Amendment
B 1st Amendment
C 44th Amendment
D 24th Amendment
Explanation
Correct Answer: D
The 24th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971 restored Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution including Fundamental Rights.
The 24th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971 restored Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution including Fundamental Rights.
Q7. Which Constitutional Amendment gave priority to Article 39(b) and 39(c)?
A 44th Amendment
B 42nd Amendment
C 25th Amendment
D 1st Amendment
Explanation
Correct Answer: C
The 25th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971 gave precedence to DPSP under Article 39(b) and 39(c).
The 25th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971 gave precedence to DPSP under Article 39(b) and 39(c).
Q8. Which Constitutional Amendment added Fundamental Duties?
A 44th Amendment
B 42nd Amendment
C 24th Amendment
D 1st Amendment
Explanation
Correct Answer: B
The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 added Fundamental Duties under Part IVA.
The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 added Fundamental Duties under Part IVA.
Q9. Which Constitutional Amendment removed Right to Property from Fundamental Rights?
A 24th Amendment
B 1st Amendment
C 42nd Amendment
D 44th Amendment
Explanation
Correct Answer: D
The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978 removed Right to Property from the list of Fundamental Rights.
The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978 removed Right to Property from the list of Fundamental Rights.
Q10. Which Constitutional Amendment added Article 21A?
A 86th Amendment
B 42nd Amendment
C 44th Amendment
D 25th Amendment
Explanation
Correct Answer: A
The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 inserted Article 21A related to free and compulsory education.
The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 inserted Article 21A related to free and compulsory education.
Q11. Which amendment also added the 11th Fundamental Duty?
A 42nd Amendment
B 44th Amendment
C 86th Amendment
D 24th Amendment
Explanation
Correct Answer: C
The 86th Amendment added the 11th Fundamental Duty related to education opportunities for children aged 6 to 14 years.
The 86th Amendment added the 11th Fundamental Duty related to education opportunities for children aged 6 to 14 years.
Q12. Which doctrine limits Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution?
A Doctrine of Eclipse
B Basic Structure Doctrine
C Doctrine of Severability
D Doctrine of Colourable Legislation
Explanation
Correct Answer: B
The Basic Structure Doctrine prevents Parliament from altering the essential features of the Constitution.
The Basic Structure Doctrine prevents Parliament from altering the essential features of the Constitution.
Q13. Which of the following is part of the basic structure according to Minerva Mills?
A Emergency provisions
B Preventive detention
C Suspension of rights
D Harmony between FR and DPSP
Explanation
Correct Answer: D
The Minerva Mills Case declared harmony between Fundamental Rights and DPSP as part of the Constitution’s basic structure.
The Minerva Mills Case declared harmony between Fundamental Rights and DPSP as part of the Constitution’s basic structure.
Q14. Which amendment is known as the “Mini Constitution”?
A 42nd Amendment
B 24th Amendment
C 44th Amendment
D 1st Amendment
Explanation
Correct Answer: A
The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 is often called the “Mini Constitution” due to extensive constitutional changes.
The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 is often called the “Mini Constitution” due to extensive constitutional changes.
Q15. Which amendment strengthened Parliament’s amending powers after Golaknath?
A 44th Amendment
B 42nd Amendment
C 24th Amendment
D 1st Amendment
Explanation
Correct Answer: C
The 24th Amendment strengthened Parliament’s constitutional amending powers following the Golaknath judgment.
The 24th Amendment strengthened Parliament’s constitutional amending powers following the Golaknath judgment.
Q16. Right to Property is now a legal right under which Article?
A Article 32
B Article 44
C Article 21A
D Article 300A
Explanation
Correct Answer: D
After the 44th Amendment, Right to Property became a legal right under Article 300A instead of a Fundamental Right.
After the 44th Amendment, Right to Property became a legal right under Article 300A instead of a Fundamental Right.
Q17. Which amendment added the words “Socialist” and “Secular” to the Preamble?
A 44th Amendment
B 42nd Amendment
C 1st Amendment
D 86th Amendment
Explanation
Correct Answer: B
The 42nd Amendment Act inserted the words “Socialist,” “Secular,” and “Integrity” into the Preamble.
The 42nd Amendment Act inserted the words “Socialist,” “Secular,” and “Integrity” into the Preamble.
Q18. Which amendment is associated with free and compulsory education?
A 86th Amendment
B 25th Amendment
C 24th Amendment
D 42nd Amendment
Explanation
Correct Answer: A
The 86th Amendment introduced Article 21A guaranteeing free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 years.
The 86th Amendment introduced Article 21A guaranteeing free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 years.
Q19. Which judgment stated that Parliament can amend any part of the Constitution but not its basic structure?
A Golaknath Case
B Minerva Mills Case
C Kesavananda Bharati Case
D Champakam Dorairajan Case
Explanation
Correct Answer: C
The Kesavananda Bharati judgment established that Parliament can amend the Constitution but cannot destroy its basic structure.
The Kesavananda Bharati judgment established that Parliament can amend the Constitution but cannot destroy its basic structure.
Q20. Which amendment was enacted in 1978?
A 24th Amendment
B 42nd Amendment
C 25th Amendment
D 44th Amendment
Explanation
Correct Answer: D
The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act was enacted in 1978 and removed the Right to Property from Fundamental Rights.
The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act was enacted in 1978 and removed the Right to Property from Fundamental Rights.
Q21. Which amendment was passed in 1976?
A 42nd Amendment
B 24th Amendment
C 86th Amendment
D 1st Amendment
Explanation
Correct Answer: A
The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act was passed in 1976 during the Emergency period.
The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act was passed in 1976 during the Emergency period.
Q22. Which amendment is directly associated with Article 39(b) and 39(c)?
A 86th Amendment
B 25th Amendment
C 42nd Amendment
D 44th Amendment
Explanation
Correct Answer: B
The 25th Amendment gave priority to DPSP under Article 39(b) and Article 39(c).
The 25th Amendment gave priority to DPSP under Article 39(b) and Article 39(c).
Q23. Which of the following is TRUE regarding Fundamental Rights and DPSP?
A DPSPs are enforceable by courts
B Fundamental Rights are non-justiciable
C DPSPs override all Fundamental Rights
D Fundamental Rights are justiciable
Explanation
Correct Answer: D
Fundamental Rights are enforceable through courts and are therefore justiciable, unlike DPSPs.
Fundamental Rights are enforceable through courts and are therefore justiciable, unlike DPSPs.
Q24. Which Constitutional Amendment Act is related to Fundamental Duties?
A 44th Amendment
B 25th Amendment
C 42nd Amendment
D 24th Amendment
Explanation
Correct Answer: C
The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 inserted Fundamental Duties into the Constitution under Part IVA.
The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 inserted Fundamental Duties into the Constitution under Part IVA.
Q25. Which amendment inserted Article 21A and modified Article 45?
A 86th Amendment
B 42nd Amendment
C 44th Amendment
D 25th Amendment
Explanation
Correct Answer: A
The 86th Constitutional Amendment inserted Article 21A and modified Article 45 regarding education provisions.
The 86th Constitutional Amendment inserted Article 21A and modified Article 45 regarding education provisions.
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